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Reference · Crops

Orchidaceae

Orchidaceae is one of the largest and most diverse families of monocot plants. In an agricultural context, the crop is valued for its high aesthetic value and use in industrial floriculture, as well as in the food industry, particularly the genus Vanilla.

Main sections

Dendrobium80 Encyclia16 Cyrtopodium10 Dracula8 Cyrtorchis4 Dendrochilum4 Dichaea3 Dimorphorchis3 Cyrtochilum2 Cyrtosia2 Dendrobium2 Dendrolirium2 Dendrophylax2 Dichromanthus2 Didymoplexis2 Disa2 Earina2 Elleanthus2 Embreea2 Epiblastus2
514 sections

What the section contains

Cyrtochilum Cyrtochilum 2 items Cyrtopodium Cyrtopodium 10 items Cyrtorchis Cyrtorchis 4 items Cyrtosia Cyrtosia 2 items Dactylorhiza aristata Dactylorhiza aristata Dactylorhiza brennensis Dactylorhiza brennensis Dactylorhiza cordigera Dactylorhiza cordigera Dactylorhiza euxina Dactylorhiza euxina Dactylorhiza hatagirea Dactylorhiza hatagirea Dactylorhiza hybrids Dactylorhiza hybrids Dactylorhiza iberica Dactylorhiza iberica Dactylorhiza insularis Dactylorhiza insularis Dactylorhiza osmanica Dactylorhiza osmanica Dactylorhiza russowii Dactylorhiza russowii Dactylorhiza saccifera Dactylorhiza saccifera Dactylorhiza umbrosa Dactylorhiza umbrosa Dactylorhiza urvilleana Dactylorhiza urvilleana Dactylostalix Dactylostalix 1 item Danhatchia australis Danhatchia australis Dendrobium Dendrobium Sw. 2 items Dendrobium Dendrobium 80 items Dendrochilum Dendrochilum 4 items Dendrolirium Dendrolirium 2 items Dendrolobium pachyphyllum Dendrolobium pachyphyllum Dendrophylax Dendrophylax 2 items Diaphananthe Diaphananthe 1 item Dichaea Dichaea 3 items Dichromanthus Dichromanthus 2 items Didymoplexis Didymoplexis 2 items Dienia Dienia 1 item Dillon's vanilla Vanilla dilloniana Dilomilis Dilomilis 1 item Dimorphorchis Dimorphorchis 3 items Dinema Dinema 1 item Dipodium Dipodium 1 item Disa Disa 2 items Disa bergiusii Disa Bergius Domingoa Domingoa 1 item Dossinia Dossinia 1 item Dracula Dracula 8 items Drakaea Drakaea 1 item Dryadella Dryadella 1 item Drymoanthus Drymoanthus 1 item Earina Earina 2 items Early marsh-orchid Dactylorhiza incarnata Early purple orchid Orchis mascula Elder-flowered orchid Dactylorhiza sambucina Eleorchis Eleorchis 1 item Elleanthus Elleanthus 2 items Eltroplectris Eltroplectris 1 item Embreea Embreea 2 items Encyclia Encyclia 16 items Ephippianthus Ephippianthus 1 item Epiblastus Epiblastus 2 items Epidendrum Epidendrum L. 2 items Epidendrum acunae Epidendrum acunae Epidendrum amphistomum Epidendrum amphistomum Epidendrum anceps Epidendrum anceps Epidendrum antillanum Epidendrum antillanum Epidendrum arachnoglossum Epidendrum arachnoglossum

Orchidaceae

The family has a nearly global distribution, except for permafrost zones and deserts. The primary diversity of species is concentrated in tropical and subtropical belts, where plants grow as epiphytes, lithophytes, or terrestrial forms.

Botanical features include the presence of specialized roots with velamen for moisture absorption from the air, symbiosis with mycorrhizal fungi, and a unique flower structure consisting of three sepals and three petals, one of which is modified into a labellum for pollination.

Agronomic requirements depend on the species, but common needs include high demand for diffused light, maintaining air humidity at 60-80%, and the use of specialized substrates based on coniferous bark, sphagnum, or coconut fiber to ensure root system aeration.

  • Regular irrigation with soft water without moisture stagnation.
  • Temperature regime control based on the species' origin.
  • Timely fertilization with specialized mineral fertilizers.
  • Infection prevention during high humidity conditions.

Major diseases include fusarium wilt, bacterial rot, and anthracnose caused by poor agronomic practices. Among the pests, spider mites, scale insects, mealybugs, and thrips are the most dangerous, requiring the application of systemic insecticides and acaricides to maintain the commercial quality of the produce.