agronom.info agronomy portal
Reference · Crops

Orchidaceae

Orchidaceae is one of the largest and most diverse families of monocot plants. In an agricultural context, the crop is valued for its high aesthetic value and use in industrial floriculture, as well as in the food industry, particularly the genus Vanilla.

Main sections

Spiranthes26 Serapias9 Stanhopea8 Trichocentrum8 Spathoglottis6 Trichopilia6 Tolumnia5 Scaphosepalum4 Sobennikoffia4 Robiquetia3 Rodriguezia3 Sarcoglyphis3 Scuticaria3 Smitinandia3 Spathoglottis3 Stelis3 Trichoglottis3 Sacoila2 Satyrium2 Schoenorchis2
514 sections

What the section contains

Rhynchostylis retusa Rhynchostylis retusa Robiquetia Robiquetia 3 items Robust marsh orchid Dactylorhiza elata Rodriguezia Rodriguezia 3 items Roman orchid Dactylorhiza romana Rossioglossum Rossioglossum 1 item Round-headed orchid Traunsteinera globosa Rudolfiella Rudolfiella 1 item Saccolabiopsis Saccolabiopsis 1 item Sacoila Sacoila 2 items Sarcochilus Sarcochilus 1 item Sarcoglyphis Sarcoglyphis 3 items Satyrium Satyrium 2 items Savoy Orchid Dactylorhiza savogiensis Scaphosepalum Scaphosepalum 4 items Scaphyglottis Scaphyglottis 1 item Schiedeella Schiedeella 1 item Schoenorchis Schoenorchis 2 items Scuticaria Scuticaria 3 items Seidenfadenia Seidenfadenia 1 item Serapias Serapias 9 items Showy lady's slipper Cypripedium reginae Small white lady's slipper Cypripedium candidum Smitinandia Smitinandia 3 items Smooth Slipper Orchid Cypripedium laevigatum Sobennikoffia Sobennikoffia 4 items Sobralia Sobralia 2 items Sotoa Sotoa 1 item Southern marsh orchid Dactylorhiza praetermissa Sparrow's lady's slipper Cypripedium passerinum Sparse-flowered orchid Orchis pauciflora Spathoglottis Spathoglottis Bl. 3 items Spathoglottis Spathoglottis 6 items Specklinia Specklinia 1 item Spiranthes Spiranthes 26 items Spitzel's orchid Orchis spitzelii Spotted slipper orchid Cypripedium guttatum Stanhopea Stanhopea 8 items Stelis Stelis 3 items Stenorrhynchos speciosum Stenorrhynchos speciosum Stenotyla Stenotyla 1 item Stereochilus Stereochilus 2 items Steveniella Steveniella 1 item Sudamerlycaste Sudamerlycaste 1 item Summerhayesia Summerhayesia 2 items Taeniophyllum Taeniophyllum 1 item Tainia Tainia 1 item Tamayorkis Tamayorkis 1 item Tetramicra Tetramicra 1 item Thelymitra Thelymitra 2 items Thrixspermum Thrixspermum 2 items Thunia Thunia 2 items Tipularia Tipularia 1 item Tolumnia Tolumnia 5 items Traunsteiner's marsh orchid Dactylorhiza traunsteineri Traunsteineria Traunsteineria Trichocentrum Trichocentrum Poepp. & Endl. 1 item Trichocentrum Trichocentrum 8 items Trichoglottis Trichoglottis 3 items Trichopilia Trichopilia 6 items

Orchidaceae

The family has a nearly global distribution, except for permafrost zones and deserts. The primary diversity of species is concentrated in tropical and subtropical belts, where plants grow as epiphytes, lithophytes, or terrestrial forms.

Botanical features include the presence of specialized roots with velamen for moisture absorption from the air, symbiosis with mycorrhizal fungi, and a unique flower structure consisting of three sepals and three petals, one of which is modified into a labellum for pollination.

Agronomic requirements depend on the species, but common needs include high demand for diffused light, maintaining air humidity at 60-80%, and the use of specialized substrates based on coniferous bark, sphagnum, or coconut fiber to ensure root system aeration.

  • Regular irrigation with soft water without moisture stagnation.
  • Temperature regime control based on the species' origin.
  • Timely fertilization with specialized mineral fertilizers.
  • Infection prevention during high humidity conditions.

Major diseases include fusarium wilt, bacterial rot, and anthracnose caused by poor agronomic practices. Among the pests, spider mites, scale insects, mealybugs, and thrips are the most dangerous, requiring the application of systemic insecticides and acaricides to maintain the commercial quality of the produce.