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Reference · Crops

Orchidaceae

Orchidaceae is one of the largest and most diverse families of monocot plants. In an agricultural context, the crop is valued for its high aesthetic value and use in industrial floriculture, as well as in the food industry, particularly the genus Vanilla.

Main sections

Eulophia27 Gymnadenia17 Goodyera9 Eria8 Gomesa8 Gastrochilus5 Govenia4 Grammatophyllum4 Guarianthe4 Galearis3 Gongora3 Epipogium2 Eriochilus2 Erycina2 Galeandra2 Gastrodia2 Geodorum2 Gomesa2 Epigeneium1 Eriodes1
514 sections

What the section contains

Epidendrum boricuarum Epidendrum boricuarum Epidendrum centropetalum Epidendrum centropetalum Epidendrum ciliare Epidendrum ciliare Epidendrum floridense Epidendrum floridense Epidendrum geniculatum Epidendrum geniculatum Epidendrum hybrids Epidendrum hybrids Epidendrum jamaicense Epidendrum jamaicense Epidendrum liliifolium Epidendrum liliifolium Epidendrum magnoliae Epidendrum magnoliae Epidendrum martianum Epidendrum martianum Epidendrum miserrimum Epidendrum miserrimum Epidendrum nocturnum Epidendrum nocturnum Epidendrum O'Brienianum Epidendrum obrienianum Epidendrum parkinsonianum Epidendrum parkinsonianum Epidendrum pilcuense Epidendrum pilcuense Epidendrum pseudepidendrum Epidendrum pseudepidendrum Epidendrum ramosum Epidendrum ramosum Epidendrum rigidum Epidendrum rigidum Epidendrum sarcochilum Epidendrum sarcochilum Epidendrum saxatile Epidendrum saxatile Epidendrum secundum Epidendrum secundum Epidendrum spicatum Epidendrum spicatum Epidendrum strobiliferum Epidendrum strobiliferum Epidendrum tridens Epidendrum tridens Epidendrum vincentinum Epidendrum vincentinum Epigeneium Epigeneium 1 item Epipogium Epipogium 2 items Eria Eria 8 items Eriochilus Eriochilus 2 items Eriodes Eriodes 1 item Erycina Erycina 2 items Eulophia Eulophia 27 items Eurystyles Eurystyles 1 item Farges' lady's slipper Cypripedium fargesii Fernandezia Fernandezia 1 item Formosan lady's slipper Cypripedium formosanum Four-spotted orchid Orchis quadripunctata Frog orchid Dactylorhiza viridis Galeandra Galeandra 2 items Galearis Galearis 3 items Galeola Galeola Galilee orchid Orchis galilaea Gastrochilus Gastrochilus 5 items Gastrodia Gastrodia R. Br. 1 item Gastrodia Gastrodia 2 items Gennaria Gennaria 1 item Geodorum Geodorum 2 items Gomesa Gomesa R. Br. 2 items Gomesa Gomesa 8 items Gomeza planifolia Gomeza planifolia Gongora Gongora 3 items Goodyera Goodyera 9 items Govenia Govenia 4 items Grammatophyllum Grammatophyllum Blume Grammatophyllum Grammatophyllum 4 items Graphorkis Graphorkis 1 item Green-winged orchid Anacamptis morio Grosourdya Grosourdya 1 item Guarianthe Guarianthe 4 items Gymnadenia Gymnadenia 17 items

Orchidaceae

The family has a nearly global distribution, except for permafrost zones and deserts. The primary diversity of species is concentrated in tropical and subtropical belts, where plants grow as epiphytes, lithophytes, or terrestrial forms.

Botanical features include the presence of specialized roots with velamen for moisture absorption from the air, symbiosis with mycorrhizal fungi, and a unique flower structure consisting of three sepals and three petals, one of which is modified into a labellum for pollination.

Agronomic requirements depend on the species, but common needs include high demand for diffused light, maintaining air humidity at 60-80%, and the use of specialized substrates based on coniferous bark, sphagnum, or coconut fiber to ensure root system aeration.

  • Regular irrigation with soft water without moisture stagnation.
  • Temperature regime control based on the species' origin.
  • Timely fertilization with specialized mineral fertilizers.
  • Infection prevention during high humidity conditions.

Major diseases include fusarium wilt, bacterial rot, and anthracnose caused by poor agronomic practices. Among the pests, spider mites, scale insects, mealybugs, and thrips are the most dangerous, requiring the application of systemic insecticides and acaricides to maintain the commercial quality of the produce.