Burnet moths (Zygaenidae)

The primary agricultural threat comes from the larval stage. Caterpillars feed on the foliage of various host plants, including members of the Fabaceae and Rosaceae families, as well as grapevines. These pests can be particularly troublesome in orchards and vineyards where they interfere with normal leaf development and plant vigor.

The biology of Zygaenidae is typically univoltine, meaning they complete one generation per year. They overwinter as larvae inside tough, spindle-shaped cocoons attached to plant stems. As temperatures rise in spring, the larvae resume feeding, grow rapidly, and eventually enter the pupal stage before emerging as adult moths to continue the cycle.

Damage caused by larvae includes skeletonizing or entirely stripping leaf tissues. Heavy infestations significantly reduce the plant's leaf surface area, impacting photosynthesis and overall yield potential. Weakened plants may also show reduced growth rates and become more susceptible to other abiotic and biotic stressors throughout the season.

To effectively manage Zygaenidae populations, growers should implement the following strategies:

• Regular field monitoring to detect early-stage larval colonies.
• Manual removal of cocoons and larvae during the winter and early spring.
• Application of biological insecticides, such as Bacillus thuringiensis, when larvae are young and feeding.
• Cultural management, including the removal of weeds that support larval growth near sensitive crop areas.