Helicidae

Crops damaged: Helicidae are generalist feeders known as polyphagous pests. They cause significant damage to a wide range of vegetable crops, including leafy greens like lettuce and cabbage, as well as tomatoes, cucumbers, and legumes. They also pose a threat to ornamental gardens, nurseries, and viticulture.

Biology and life cycle: The life cycle of these snails is highly dependent on environmental moisture. They lay eggs in clusters within moist soil or sheltered areas. Upon hatching, young snails begin feeding immediately, growing rapidly under favorable, humid conditions. During drought, they enter a period of aestivation, sealing themselves in their shells to survive.

Nature of damage and harm: Damage is characterized by irregular holes in leaves, stems, and fruits, often accompanied by distinct mucous trails. Feeding on seedlings can lead to the complete destruction of crops. Furthermore, the presence of slime trails and fecal matter reduces the marketability and quality of harvested produce.

Protection measures: Effective control relies on integrated pest management practices. This includes reducing hiding places through regular weeding, removing crop debris, and ensuring proper spacing between plants to improve airflow. Barriers such as copper tape or abrasive mulches can be effective. In cases of high infestation, bait-based molluscicides containing iron phosphate are recommended for targeted control.