Rye winter variety Moscow 12 is a medium-ripening, high-yielding variety created based on individual-family selection from a hybrid population involving such varieties as Valdai, Bezenchukskaya 87, Varko, Amilo, Motto, and Dankovskaya zlotye. The plants are medium-height, ranging from 112 to 143 cm, with a semi-erect bush and colored coleoptile. The ear is of medium length, dense, and horizontal, with a dark aleurone layer coloring of the grain. The mass of 1000 grains varies from 29 to 40 grams, with medium-sized grain. The vegetation period ranges from 289 to 327 days, corresponding to the ripening period of the standard variety Valdai. The variety is distinguished by its high resistance to lodging, surpassing Valdai by 1.0-1.5 points in years when the trait is expressed. The winter hardiness of the variety is above average, while drought tolerance is at the level of standards Valdai and Pamyat Kondratyenko. Moscow 12 exhibits resistance to powdery mildew and ergot, while being susceptible to brown rust, snow mold, and septoria. A waxy coating on the ear and the sheath of the flag leaf varies from medium to strong, providing additional plant protection. The yield of the variety in the recommended regions of cultivation, such as the Northwestern, Central, and Central-Black Earth regions, reaches an average of 40.5 centners per hectare. In the Bryansk region, the variety shows an increase over the standard Valdai of 5.2 centners per hectare, while in the Kaluga region, the yield is at the level of the standard Pamyat Kondratyenko. The maximum registered yield was 65.4 centners per hectare in the Tulskaya region. The bread-making qualities of the variety are satisfactory, making it attractive for agricultural production and processing.
