Viola – a perennial herbaceous plant from the violet family, widely cultivated in temperate zones. The plant height ranges from 15 to 35 cm, and its rootstock has a fibrous structure. Stems grow vertically, while leaves are oval with serrated edges, giving the flora a characteristic appearance.
Viola flowering lasts two periods per year: from mid-March to late May and from early August until the first frosts. Buds located in leaf axils are 7–8 cm in diameter and open into bright flowers of various shades – from light pink to deep purple. There are several varieties: annual, biennial, and perennial species, among which popular ones are Viola Wittrockiana (pansies), fragrant, horned, butterfly, and tricolor.
For successful Viola cultivation, an optimal substrate is required – raw loams with a rich composition. The plant is moisture-loving, so it requires regular watering and fertilization. Over-wetting can lead to blackleg and gray mold, while powdery mildew results in a gray-white coating on leaves. Pests include caterpillars and slugs. Care for the plant includes watering, fertilizing, weeding, and removing weeds. Perennial varieties are replanted every three years, while annual ones are dug up before winter. Seeds are collected after the capsules mature and stored in the refrigerator for subsequent sowing.
