Cankers and galls (fungal)

The disease primarily targets potatoes, although other Solanaceae species can sometimes act as hosts. The pathogen persists in the soil through thick-walled resting spores, known as winter sporangia, which are remarkably hardy and can survive in the environment for several decades without a host, making long-term soil management challenging.

The most visible symptoms are the formation of warty, cauliflower-like galls on the tubers, stolons, and stem bases. These growths are initially whitish or green but eventually turn dark brown or black as they decay. In severe cases, the entire tuber may be replaced by these malformed, tumor-like masses, leaving little healthy tissue for harvest.

Spread and development of the disease are highly dependent on moisture and moderate soil temperatures. When conditions are favorable, the resting spores release motile zoospores that move through soil water to infect the developing meristematic tissues of the plant. This stimulation of cells leads to the characteristic hypertrophic growth that defines the disease.

Management of potato wart relies heavily on strict phytosanitary regulations and the use of resistant potato cultivars, which remain the most effective defense strategy. Preventive measures include:

• Implementing long-term crop rotation schemes.
• Ensuring the use of certified, disease-free seed potatoes.
• Cleaning farm machinery and equipment to prevent the movement of contaminated soil.
• Strict adherence to local quarantine restrictions when outbreaks are detected.