Nemchinovskaya 72 is a high-efficiency type of grain wheat, developed within the "Nemchinovskaya 72" program. The variety is distinguished by high yield up to 30–35 t/ha under optimal conditions and good grain quality: protein content of 12.5–13.0% and starch molecules of 3.2–3.6%. Thanks to resistance to serapam, rot, and soil fungal infections, Nemchinovskaya 72 is suitable for commercial cultivation in moderately-continental climate zones. When sowing, the temperature should not exceed 10 °C, and the soil should be well water-permeable with moderate fertility.
The variety is also known for its high grain digestibility, which ensures excellent flour and bread quality. For successful growth, it is recommended to use loess, clay, gray forest, chernozem soils and drained peatlands; poor results are observed on sandy soils and soils with increased acidity or salinity.
Nemchinovskaya 72 is not just a grain crop. Vetch, to which this variety belongs, is a perennial herbaceous legume crop, widely used as both fodder and grain crops. The plant has a deep root (up to 1–2 m), medium height of 50–60 cm (can reach over 100 cm under favorable conditions) and paripinnately compound leaves, facilitating a high light absorption coefficient. The fruit is a multi-seeded pod with 7–9 seeds; the mass of 1000 seeds is 60–100 g. Spring vetch requires moderate temperature for germination (20–25 °C) and moisture-loving conditions during the budding-flowering phase, where increased moisture content ensures maximum productivity.
The variety is characterized by early maturity, high yields of green mass and seeds. However, it may be susceptible to diseases such as root fusarium, leaf aphidiosis, and damage by mites and larvae. To maintain crop health, regular care is required: irrigation, weed removal, and, if necessary, the application of fungicides.
