Wheat Chorniava

Chorniava is a medium-early variety of soft winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) of the erythrospermum type, intended for intensive agriculture. The variety is characterized by high genetic potential for grain productivity and is included in the State Register for the North Caucasus region, recommended for cultivation in the Stavropol Krai. The vegetation period ranges from 218 to 281 days, and it matures several days later than standard varieties. Plants are low or medium-height, ranging from 69 to 97 cm, with erect or semi-erect stems and dense, uniform, pyramidal-shaped ears of medium length. The grain is large, elongated, and red, with 1000-grain weight varying from 38 to 47 grams. A distinctive feature of the variety is its bright green coloration of the leaf-stem mass, which turns black in straw after storage while retaining mechanical strength. The variety Chorniava exhibits high resistance to lodging and grain shattering, as well as good winter hardiness, rated as average or above average. Drought resistance is comparable to the standard Bатько. Additionally, the variety shows high resistance to several diseases and stress factors, including root rot, septoria, fusarium, brown rust, and powdery mildew, confirmed by ratings on an 8-point scale. The recommended seed sowing rate is from 5.5 to 6.5 million germinating seeds per hectare, and it is advised to sow in the latter half of the optimal period to achieve maximum productivity. The yield of the Chorniava variety is high and stable: average regional yields reach approximately 48.6 c/ha, with maximum values up to 100.5 c/ha under favorable conditions and good mineral nutrition. In the Stavropol Krai and Krasnodar Krai, yields exceeding 88 c/ha have been recorded, indicating high adaptability and productivity of the variety. The baking qualities of the grain are at a good filler level, with protein content ranging from 13.0 to 14.4% and raw gluten content from 28.9 to 35.8%, making Chorniava a sought-after variety for milling and baking industries.