Amur Red

Early-winter variety bred at the Far Eastern Research Institute of Agriculture by A. V. Bolonyaev from pollination of Khabarovsk mix with pollen from Champagne, White Naliv, Moscow Grushovka and Pepin saffron varieties. Distributed in Primorsky and Khabarovsky regions. Relatively winter-hardy on elevated locations (mountain slopes, plateaus, ridges). In valley locations of collective gardens for citizens and rural residents, it needs grafting into the crown of winter-hardy and frost-resistant skeletal formers. In northern districts of the Khabarovsk Territory, as well as in the Jewish Autonomous Region and Amur Regions, it is also cultivated in a spread shape with light winter protection.

The tree is low growing, with a high oval crown of medium density. Skeletal branches are obliquely vertical, gray-brown. A mixed type of fruit formation predominates.

Shoots are of medium length and thickness, straight, reddish brown with small convex lenticels. Buds are conical, pressed against the shoot. The leaf is of medium size, round oval in shape, with a rounded base, serrated edges. The plate is curved, bright green on top, light green below, slightly pubescent. Petiole short, of medium thickness, greenish-brown, slightly pubescent.

Flowers are small, saucer-shaped, white, petals are round flat. Column of pistils located low. Stamens are thin, with non-large yellowish anthers, which are located above the stigma of the pistil.

Fruits (fig.) are large for the local assortment (average weight - 60 g, maximum -110 g), roundish slightly flattened in shape. Skin is smooth, delicate. The main color is greenish, the cover color is burgundy, dull, occupies a significant part of the fruit. Subcutaneous points are numerous. Pedicel of medium length and thickness, fits into a not deep but quite wide russeted funnell. Receptacle shallow, rather wide. Sepals non-falling, yellowish green, rare.

The pulp is white, finely grained, juicy, sour-sweet, pleasant, with a noticeable aroma. Fruits contain: dry matter - 15.5%, total sugars - 10.5%, titratable acids - 1.02%, ascorbic acid - 17.3 mg/100g.

The fruits ripen in the second half of September, stored for up to three months. Early-winter consumption variety.

Self-infertile variety. Best pollinators: Amur Abundant, Aboriginal, Reliable.

Fruiting begins on the third-fourth year of life of the tree, mass - on the sixth-seventh year of life of the tree. Fruiting is regular. Average yield. At varietal testing, five-year old trees gave 10.7 kg, seven-year-old - 33.5, ten-year-old - 45 kg from a tree. Productive period on its own stock - 15-16 years, on a stable skeletal former - up to 20 and more years.

The variety is resistant to scab and not resistant to monilial burn.

Merits of the variety: relatively large fruits with good taste qualities, early-winter consumption. One of the best varieties for collective and household gardening.

Drawbacks of the variety: short life span of trees, susceptibility to moniliosis.