Crassulaceae

The native distribution of this family spans across arid and semi-arid regions of the world, including South Africa, Mexico, and the Mediterranean. Cultivation is currently practiced globally, ranging from large-scale specialized nurseries to small-scale agricultural projects focusing on water-efficient plant production.

Botanically, Crassulaceae species possess fleshy, succulent leaves and stems. A defining physiological feature is their Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM), a specialized photosynthetic pathway that allows for high water-use efficiency by opening stomata for gas exchange only during the cooler nighttime hours.

Agrotechnical requirements prioritize well-draining, sandy or gravelly soil substrates with low organic matter content. Adequate light exposure is essential for maintaining plant health, while irrigation must be strictly controlled to prevent root decay. Over-fertilization should be avoided to prevent leggy growth patterns.

Economic uses of Crassulaceae include:

• Production of medicinal botanical ingredients.
• Commercial ornamental horticulture for drought-resistant gardens.
• Use in green roofs and ecological restoration in arid climates.

Major pests and diseases include root rot caused by pathogens such as Phytophthora or Pythium, usually triggered by excessive irrigation. Common insect pests include mealybugs and spider mites, which can be managed through regulated humidity levels and targeted applications of suitable pesticides or biological control agents.