Bougainvillea is a decorative plant that can grow as a tree or low shrub, or as a spiny vine. Native to South America, it belongs to the Nyctaginaceae family. The bright, large bracts, such as the red ones of the 'Tomato Red' variety, give bougainvillea its special decorative appeal. Flowering occurs from April to October, making the plant attractive for a long period.
For successful cultivation, bougainvillea requires bright, intense light, though partial shade is acceptable during its dormant period when kept cool. The optimal temperature for active growth and abundant flowering should not be below 22°C, while during dormancy, it is recommended to lower the temperature to +10…+12°C. Watering in summer should be generous, preferably with warm water in the morning, while ensuring the top layer of soil dries out. Watering is restricted during dormancy, especially when kept cool. The plant requires high air humidity, so regular misting is essential, particularly during warm winter storage.
Fertilizing bougainvillea is carried out from April to September with complex mineral fertilizers, and large plants in small pots are fertilized twice a week during flowering. Fertilization is not applied in winter. Pruning is done early in spring or autumn after flowering, and during summer, spent young branches are removed, leaving 4-6 buds on them. Young plants are transplanted in spring every 1-2 years, while mature plants are transplanted every 3-5 years. Propagation is possible in spring and summer using green cuttings or air layering.
