Barley CHELYABINSK 99

Chelyabinsk 99 is a spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) variety intended for cultivation in the Urals region, including the Republic of Bashkortostan and Orenburg Oblast. This variety belongs to medium-late and medium-early types based on its vegetation period, which ranges from 69 to 92 days depending on conditions. The plants are of medium height, with semi-erect culms and cylindrical loose ears. The grain is large, with a 1000-grain mass ranging from 35 to 61 grams, indicating good grain size and quality. The variety belongs to the nautans and submedicuum types, which is reflected in its morphological features, such as strong anthocyanin pigmentation on the flag leaf auricles and waxy bloom on the sheaths of lower leaves.

Chelyabinsk 99 is characterized by moderate resistance to lodging and drought, with some descriptions noting high drought resistance. The variety demonstrates medium yield of about 20-25 centners per hectare, with maximum indicators up to 53 centners per hectare, exceeding regional averages. It is moderately susceptible to helminthosporiosis and root rots, as well as loose smut, but highly susceptible to powdery smut. Under field conditions, root rot infection was minimal, indicating reasonably good disease resistance.

Studies on the effect of glyphosate herbicide on the Chelyabinsk 99 variety showed that high doses of the preparation cause plant stress, manifested by changes in leaf size and reduced overall plant weight. Meanwhile, low doses of glyphosate may stimulate growth and development due to the mobilization of plant potential, which is associated with the hormesis effect. This indicates the possibility of using herbicides considering dosages to optimize growth and barley protection.