Hydrolysed proteins

The mechanism of action involves releasing volatile nitrogenous compounds, such as ammonia and amines, which mimic the natural scents of food sources or egg-laying sites. This chemical signal triggers a strong feeding response in the target insects.

When combined with insecticides, hydrolyzed proteins turn the treatment into a "lure-and-kill" system. Insects are induced to feed on the toxicant, which significantly increases the efficacy of the pesticide application.

This approach promotes sustainable farming by allowing for spot-spraying or localized applications. By treating only sections of a field or orchard, the total amount of insecticide released into the environment is dramatically reduced.

The biological activity is strictly dependent on the amino acid profile and the degree of hydrolysis. A high-quality attractant must maintain its volatile release rate even under fluctuating environmental temperatures.

Hydrolyzed proteins are specifically used to target and control Dipteran pests that cause significant losses in fruit and vegetable production. They are highly effective against various fruit fly species.

• Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata)
• Cherry fruit fly (Rhagoletis cerasi)
• Olive fruit fly (Bactrocera oleae)
• Onion maggot (Delia antiqua)

One of the key benefits is the high selectivity of these attractants. They do not typically attract beneficial insects or pollinators, making them ideal for integrated pest management (IPM) programs.

These substances are vital for protecting crops such as citrus, olives, pome fruits, and various vegetables. Their use helps maintain the cosmetic quality and marketability of the produce, which is essential for export standards.

Beyond control, they are indispensable tools for monitoring pest populations. Early detection allows for more precise timing of protective measures, saving time and resources for the farmer.

Application rates vary based on the protein concentration and the specific pest density. Typically, the product is applied in localized spots or strips on the tree foliage to create high-attraction zones.

When mixing with insecticides, it is crucial to follow the label instructions carefully. Adding a surfactant or spreader can help anchor the protein solution to the leaf surface, protecting it from initial weathering.

The timing of the application should align with the insect's life cycle and the ripening stage of the fruit. Regular monitoring traps help determine the exact moment when the attractant becomes necessary.

Applications are most effective when conducted during the insect's peak activity hours, typically in the morning or late afternoon. Avoiding the midday heat prevents the protein solution from drying out too quickly.

Maintenance of the attractant level is important. Depending on the residual activity of the specific product, follow-up applications may be required if pest pressure remains consistently high.

Environmental stability is the primary limitation of protein-based attractants. Rainfall and high humidity can wash away the product or degrade its concentration, necessitating re-application after significant rain events.

Storage conditions are critical for preserving the efficacy of hydrolyzed proteins. They must be kept in sealed, cool containers away from direct sunlight to prevent biological or chemical degradation.

Care should be taken when mixing with other pesticides, as extreme pH levels can denature the protein molecules. Always conduct a compatibility test before creating a large tank mix.

While hydrolyzed proteins have low toxicity for humans, they should be handled with standard precautions. Protective gear is recommended to prevent skin contact and respiratory discomfort due to the concentrated odor.

For maximum effectiveness, ensure that competing food sources (like rotting fruit) are removed from the orchard or field. Excessive competing scents can reduce the attraction efficiency of the applied product.