Selaginellaceae

Selaginella (Selaginellaceae) is a family of ancient vascular plants classified under the division Lycopodiophyta. Often referred to as spikemoss, these plants are highly valued in ornamental horticulture for their intricate, fern-like foliage and unique growth habits that serve as an excellent ground cover in indoor and greenhouse environments.

Originating primarily from tropical and subtropical climates, Selaginella species are naturally distributed across diverse ecosystems ranging from humid forest floors in Southeast Asia to shaded areas in South America. Agricultural cultivation of this plant is largely focused on nursery production for interior landscaping.

Botanically, these plants are characterized by microphyllous leaves and dichotomous branching stems. A distinctive feature is the presence of rhizophores, which function as root-producing organs, allowing the plant to spread effectively across moist surfaces. Some species exhibit remarkable resilience, known as resurrection plants, which can tolerate temporary desiccation.

Successful cultivation requires strict adherence to environmental parameters, specifically high relative humidity (above 60%) and consistent, moderate temperatures between 18°C and 22°C. The ideal growth medium consists of a light, well-draining, and slightly acidic substrate rich in organic matter. They thrive in partial shade, as direct sunlight often causes foliage bleaching and necrosis.

In terms of economic usage, Selaginella is primarily an ornamental crop used in terrariums and shade houses. Typical diseases include fungal root rots caused by waterlogged soil and poor ventilation. Common pests include spider mites and mealybugs, which proliferate rapidly in low-humidity conditions, necessitating integrated pest management practices.