European plum Pioneerka

Seedling from open pollination of selected form of Ussuri plum. Originator — Sverdlovsk Selection Station for Horticulture. Authors: N.I. Gvozdikova, M.G. Isakova. Included in the State Register in 2000 for the Volga-Vyatka region.

Medium-sized tree, 3-4 m. Open, medium-dense crown, strong foliage. Shoots green, glabrous. Buds: vegetative very small — 1.9 mm, generative small — 2.2 mm; slightly deviated from the shoot. Leaf ovate, small — 28 cm², green, medium thickness. Leaf surface glossy, glabrous on top, weakly pubescent on underside. Leaf margin doubly serrate. Petiole 12 mm long. Number of glandular dots 2-3. Petals widely open, stamens 18, stigma positioned unevenly relative to stamens (above, below anthers, sometimes at same level). Absence of pubescence on ovary. Calyx cup-shaped. Pedicel 12 mm, glabrous. Flowering and fruiting on shortened and vegetative shoots.

Fruits oval, mass 18-20 g. Main color orange, covering dark red, evenly distributed and covers more than 50% of fruit surface. Absence of pubescence on fruit, strong waxy bloom. Fruit apex pointed, base rounded, shallow depression at base. Equatorial suture moderately developed. Flesh golden-yellow, fibrous, medium density, juicy. Pedicel 10 mm. Stone small, oval, mass 0.67 g, accounts for 3.6% of flesh. Fruits attractive cherry-like appearance, rated 4.7 points. Fruit aroma medium. Flavor sweet, tasting score of fresh fruits 4.5 points. Cultivar for table and technical purposes. Fruits contain soluble solids — 14.9%, sugars — 9.4%, acids — 1.65%, ascorbic acid — 6.2 mg/100g, catechins — 400 mg/100g. Dry detachment of pedicel from fruit. Transportable.

Flowering in medium time, from May 13 to 24. Fruit maturity medium, 10-15 August. Enters fruiting at 4 years (rooted plants). Longevity high, over 30 years with timely rejuvenating pruning. Self-sterile. Annual, good fruiting. Yield per tree 15-30 kg, maximum 40 kg. Average yield over 1996-2005 was 11.6 t/ha, with planting scheme 3 x 4 m.

High winter hardiness of wood and flower buds. Moderate drought resistance. No disease incidence. Resistant to pests. Suitable for intensive orchards.

Advantages of cultivar: winter hardiness, annual good fruiting, good fruit flavor.

Disadvantages of cultivar: self-sterility.