Water mites
Systematic position: Water mites (family Hydrobatidae, often associated with the superfamily Hydrachnoidea) belong to the order Trombidiformes. While these arachnids are primarily known as aquatic predators, their presence in artificial systems such as hydroponics or aquaculture can turn them into significant pests that threaten crop health.
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Water mites
Susceptible crops: These pests mainly target plants grown in hydroponic and aquaponic setups. Crops such as rice, water hyacinth, various herbs, and leafy greens are particularly susceptible. Infestations usually occur when mites are introduced into the irrigation system via contaminated source water from rivers, ponds, or lakes.
Biology and life cycle: The life cycle of Hydrobatidae consists of an egg, a larva, several nymphal stages, and an adult. While larval stages are often parasitic on insects, in high-density greenhouse environments, they can directly damage plant tissues. The nymphs and adults feed by piercing plant cells and extracting the fluid, which disrupts the normal physiological functions of the plant.
Damage and economic impact: Damage is characterized by chlorotic spots, stunted plant growth, and impaired root development. Beyond direct feeding damage, water mites can act as vectors for various plant pathogens, facilitating the spread of root rots and systemic diseases, which significantly reduces yield quality and marketability of the crops.
Control measures: Effective management requires a preventive approach, focusing on water filtration and sterilization. Standard practices include:
- Implementing UV sterilization for nutrient solutions.
- Using fine mechanical filters to prevent mite migration.
- Disinfecting greenhouse tanks and equipment regularly.
- Ensuring the source water is treated before entering the hydroponic system.