Equids

These animals damage almost all cereal crops, including wheat, barley, and corn, as well as forage grasses and vegetable crops. Crops at the tillering stage and those in the milk-ripe stage of grain development suffer the most, as the plants are particularly succulent and nutrient-rich.

The biology of equids is characterized by high mobility and a high demand for forage biomass. Their life cycle in an agronomic context is tied to seasonal migration in search of food sources, which leads to periodic incursions into farmland located near their natural habitats.

The damage caused typically involves complete trampling of crops, defoliation, and damage to the root systems of plants. The economic impact includes not only direct crop loss but also significant soil compaction caused by hooves, which impairs soil structure and hinders the growth of subsequent crop cycles.

Protection measures involve the physical fencing of fields using electric fencing, the deployment of light and sound deterrents, and the organization of regular field perimeter monitoring. It is essential to strictly enforce livestock grazing regulations and prevent unauthorized access of both wild and domestic animals to production sites.