Bixaceae
Bixa orellana, commonly known as achiote or annatto, is an evergreen shrub or small tree belonging to the Bixaceae family. It is a unique agricultural crop valued primarily for its seeds, which produce a vibrant red-orange pigment. Beyond its utility, the plant is visually striking with its heart-shaped foliage and delicate clusters of pink or white flowers.
What the section contains
Bixa orellana
Bixa
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Cochlospermum
Cochlospermum
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Cochlospermum angolense
Cochlospermum angolense
Cochlospermum gillivraei
Cochlospermum gillivraei
Cochlospermum planchonii
Cochlospermum planchonii
Cochlospermum regium
Cochlospermum regium
Cochlospermum tinctorium
Cochlospermum tinctorium
Cochlospermum vitifolium
Cochlospermum vitifolium
Diegodendron
Diegodendron
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Bixaceae
Originating from the tropical regions of the Americas, this species is now cultivated extensively across the tropics, particularly in Latin America, Southeast Asia, and parts of Africa. It thrives in humid tropical climates where temperatures remain consistently warm throughout the year. The plant requires a frost-free environment to develop fully and produce commercial-grade seeds.
Botanically, the plant can reach a height of up to 6 meters. The fruit is a bristly, heart-shaped pod that splits open at maturity to reveal numerous seeds coated in a waxy, pigmented aril. These seeds are rich in carotenoids such as bixin and norbixin, which are the main components harvested for industrial extraction.
Successful cultivation requires well-drained, fertile soils with a pH ranging from slightly acidic to neutral. The crop demands significant sunlight for optimal growth and fruit set. Agricultural management includes initial nursery development, spacing of at least 3-4 meters between trees to allow for canopy development, and consistent irrigation management during the establishment phase.
Annatto is globally recognized for its use as a natural food coloring agent (E160b). It is essential in the dairy industry for coloring cheeses and butter, as well as in snack foods and beverages. Additionally, the seed extract is utilized in the cosmetic industry for sunscreens and lipsticks, as well as in traditional medicine and textile dyeing processes.
- Requires protection from strong, persistent winds
- Sensitive to waterlogged soil conditions
- Harvesting is generally done manually to preserve seed quality
- Requires moderate organic matter input for higher yields