Orthalicidae

These pests have a wide host range, feeding on a variety of agricultural crops, including ornamental plants, fruit trees, and leafy vegetables. They are particularly destructive to young, tender tissues, which makes seedling stages and new growth the most vulnerable periods. The pests can cause substantial economic losses by reducing both the quality and yield of the harvest.

The biological development of Orthalicidae is heavily reliant on environmental moisture. Their reproductive cycle typically involves laying clutches of eggs in damp soil or beneath organic debris. During periods of extreme heat or dryness, the snails can undergo a period of dormancy, effectively hiding on tree trunks or in crevices until favorable conditions return, which poses a challenge for eradication efforts.

Damage caused by these gastropods is easily identifiable by irregular, jagged edges on leaves and large, irregular holes in foliage. In severe cases of infestation, the plants are stripped of their leaves, leading to stunted development and reduced photosynthetic capacity. The presence of mucus trails and feces also taints the produce, making it unattractive or unsuitable for market distribution.

• Regular manual removal and disposal of snails during evening hours.
• Implementation of physical barriers like copper tape or sharp grit around beds.
• Maintaining field hygiene by clearing debris and excessive weeds.
• Encouraging natural predators such as ground beetles and birds in the garden.
• Strategic use of molluscicides, preferably those containing iron phosphate for lower environmental impact.