Guide to the correct operation and maintenance of diesel engines

The durability of a heavy diesel engine, be it the classic YAMZ-238 or the modern KAMAZ Euro-5, directly depends on compliance with technical regulations. Errors during the break-in phase or ignoring cold start rules lead to premature overhauls. In this article we will analyze the key aspects of operation that will help preserve the resource of the unit.

Run-in: the foundation of ICE durability

The initial stage of engine operation—breaking in—is critically important for the formation of the cylinder surface and proper lapping of the piston rings. Incorrect commissioning results in increased oil consumption and loss of power.

• In the first 500–1000 km, using the engine at maximum speed is strictly prohibited.
• Sharp acceleration and emergency engine braking must be avoided.
• The optimal mode is operation at medium load, which allows the components to run in without thermal overload.

Features of starting and warming up in winter

Starting a cold diesel engine at low temperatures is a serious test for the crank mechanism. When starting, use the lowest possible crankshaft speed so that the oil pump has time to create the necessary pressure in the system.

Important warm-up rule:it is recommended to start driving only after the coolant temperature has reached +40°C. The operating temperature range for most diesel engines is 75–100°C. Working under a “cold” load provokes accelerated wear of the piston group and liners.

Working with a heater and turbine

When using a preheater, it is important to observe cycles: continuous operation time should not exceed 15 seconds without cooling pauses. This protects the thermostat and water pump from local overheating. After completing your trip, especially if the engine has been running under load, let it idle for 1 to 3 minutes. This is necessary to gradually cool the turbocharger and prevent oil coking.

Maintenance of fuel and cooling systems

Diesel fuel equipment is extremely sensitive to the presence of air and the quality of filtration. Do not allow fuel to be completely exhausted from the tank - air entering the system causes interruptions and can lead to scuffing in the precision fuel injection pump vapors.

When servicing the cooling system, adhere to the following recommendations:

• Drain antifreeze only on a flat, horizontal surface to avoid the formation of air pockets.
• Rinse the system through standard taps (usually there are three).
• If the system was flushed with water, be sure to blow it with compressed air to remove any remaining moisture to prevent corrosion or defrosting of the unit.

Electrical equipment and starting system

The starter is intended exclusively for starting the internal combustion engine. It is strictly forbidden to move the car using the starter - this leads to burning of the collector lamellas and a critical discharge of the battery. You must wait 1–2 minutes between startup attempts.

When carrying out any work related to dismantling the generator or welding on the frame, be sure to disconnect the batteries. Use the "mass" switch when parked for more than a day to avoid deep self-discharge of the batteries.

Professional approach to spare parts

Regular diagnostics of wiring, monitoring the electrolyte level in the battery and the use of high-quality filters are the basic minimum. However, even with ideal care, parts have their own strength limits. When replacing components (generators, starters, CPG elements), preference should be given to certified components.

To maintain a fleet of equipment in working order, it is important to have a reliable partner. The Yaroslavl Diesel Engine LLC company supplies a full range of spare parts and power units directly from manufacturers. You can view the product catalog and get advice on selecting units for YaMZ, TMZ and KAMAZ on the website www.yar-dd.ru. We guarantee technical compliance of every part and prompt shipment to any region.