Soilless farming investments expanding in Istanbul
Soilless farming is gaining traction in Istanbul, driven by climate adaptation needs and a drive for higher production efficiency in urban areas.
In recent years, soilless farming practices have gained significant momentum in Istanbul, helping to increase production volumes while enabling more efficient use of essential agricultural resources. Interest in this sector has been bolstered by both private-sector investments and research and development projects spearheaded by public institutions. These methods are becoming increasingly widespread, particularly in the production of leafy vegetables, aromatic plants, and high-value-added crops, positioning themselves as a vital alternative to meet the growing food demand of the megacity.
According to information provided by the Istanbul Provincial Directorate of Agriculture, the transition to modern greenhouse production and soilless systems began to spread across the city in the 2010s. The sector experienced a substantial surge after 2020, with controlled production techniques showing significant development over the past 15 years. Today, there are 29 specialized soilless farming enterprises operating within the city, reflecting a robust commitment to modernizing agricultural output.
The scale of this production is substantial: these 29 enterprises yield 950,712 kilograms of crops annually, including tomatoes, peppers, strawberries, and mushrooms. Furthermore, they supply 5.9 million units of leafy vegetables, such as lettuce, parsley, and arugula, to the local market. This production is geographically distributed across districts including Çatalca, Pendik, Beykoz, Büyükçekmece, Sarıyer, Çekmeköy, Silivri, Ataşehir, and Kağıthane.
The expansion of soilless farming is primarily driven by critical factors such as climate change, persistent drought, rapid urbanization, and continuous technological advancements. As climate change brings rising temperatures, unpredictable rainfall patterns, and longer, more frequent droughts, traditional farming becomes an increasingly risky endeavor. To protect their crops, a growing number of producers are shifting toward controlled production systems that isolate cultivation from environmental volatility.
As Istanbul continues to expand, soilless farming offers a sustainable pathway to enhance urban food security. By integrating agriculture into the city's infrastructure, these producers are reducing the reliance on long-distance supply chains and ensuring a consistent supply of fresh produce. As these technologies evolve, soilless cultivation is expected to remain a cornerstone of Istanbul's efforts to balance urban growth with efficient and resilient food production.