Climate shocks are hitting South Africa’s food businesses – study shows what they need to adapt
A new study in South Africa reveals the vulnerability of the agri-processing sector to extreme weather and outlines the vital support needed for business resilience.
Climate change discussions in southern Africa often focus on farming, where the effects of environmental shocks are most visible. However, food systems encompass far more than agricultural production. The agri-processing sector—comprising businesses that clean, mill, preserve, store, and package raw agricultural commodities—is a critical bridge between farms and consumers. In South Africa, this sector contributes approximately 25% of national manufacturing output and supports more than 300,000 direct jobs.
A research team conducted a study in Gauteng, the country’s industrial heartland, to evaluate how agri-processing enterprises are managing climate change risks. The research involved interviews with 113 businesses, including those in grain milling, meat, dairy, and produce processing. The findings highlight that the sector's heavy reliance on agricultural raw materials, water, and energy makes it exceptionally vulnerable to droughts, floods, and heatwaves.
Key results indicate that formal education is a primary driver of climate adaptation. Business owners with university degrees were found to be more adept at implementing climate-responsive practices. Conversely, much of the existing professional training is insufficient because it focuses on general business management rather than specific climate risk mitigation strategies. The study concludes that mere operational experience is not enough; specialized knowledge is essential for effective adaptation.
Business owners cited significant hurdles, including water shortages, rising production costs, and unreliable supply chains. While some firms have attempted to conserve water, adjust work schedules to handle extreme heat, or expand their product lines, many remain constrained by a lack of financial capital and technical support. They also face a chronic shortage of accessible, actionable information regarding climate risks and appropriate responses.
The researchers emphasize that Gauteng’s agri-processing businesses require robust support programs to navigate these challenges. This includes better access to practical training and resources that go beyond standard business operations. Strengthening these enterprises is not only vital for their survival but also essential for maintaining food security, supply chain reliability, and employment stability across South Africa.