Bud moth

The bud moth (lat. Spilonota albicana) is a member of the Tortricidae family. The adult moth features a wingspan of 15-18 mm. The forewings are brownish-grey with a distinct white band across the middle, which is a key identification feature for this species.

The larva, or caterpillar, grows to about 10-12 mm in length. Its body color ranges from brown to reddish-brown, while the head and prothoracic shield are distinctively black. Pupation occurs within silken cocoons often hidden among folded leaves or bark crevices.

This pest primarily attacks Rosaceae fruit crops, including apple, pear, cherry, plum, and apricot trees. It also infests hawthorn and rowan, making it a common threat in both commercial and home orchards.

Larval feeding causes the most severe damage during the early stages of plant development, significantly impacting the growth of fruit buds and potentially reducing annual yields.

The species overwinters as young larvae within tightly spun silken hibernacula located in branch forks or bark cracks. They become active in early spring, synchronized with the swelling of flower and leaf buds.

After the larvae reach maturity and pupate, the adult moths emerge in early summer, typically peaking in June and July to mate and lay eggs for the next cycle.

The primary sign of infestation is the destruction of swelling buds in early spring, as larvae bore into them to feed on the inner tissues. This often prevents leaf and flower development.

Later in the season, larvae tie leaves together with silk webbing. Inspecting the canopy for these bundled, webbed leaves and the presence of frass (larval excrement) is essential for early detection.

Effective management includes mechanical removal of loose bark and pruning away branches containing overwintering nests during the dormant season to reduce the population.

Chemical control should be implemented during the bud burst stage or shortly after bloom if economic thresholds are exceeded. Integrated pest management, including the use of pheromone traps, helps track flight activity and optimize spray timing.