Aureobasidium pullulans (strains DSM 14940 and DSM 14941)

Aureobasidium pullulans is a yeast-like fungus utilized as an active biological agent to protect crops from pathogenic fungal infections through a mechanism of competition.

The fungus acts by rapidly colonizing the surface of leaves and fruit, effectively creating a biological shield that prevents pathogens from establishing themselves on the host.

By consuming available nutrients on the surface of the fruit, the antagonist limits the food supply required for the growth and proliferation of harmful fungi like Botrytis or Penicillium.

In addition to spatial and nutritional competition, the specific strains DSM 14940 and DSM 14941 produce secondary metabolites that actively inhibit the germination of pathogen spores.

This mode of action makes the product a highly effective tool in integrated pest management, as it avoids the development of resistance often seen with chemical fungicides.

This biological fungicide is primarily targeted at controlling post-harvest rot and field diseases that affect the quality and shelf life of various agricultural crops.

It is particularly effective against Botrytis cinerea (gray mold), Penicillium species (blue/green mold), and Gloeosporium, which are major threats to fruit quality.

The agent is widely applied on pome fruits such as apples and pears, ensuring protection both during the final growth stage and throughout the cold storage period.

Viticulture is another significant sector where this biological agent helps manage fungal decay, preserving grape quality before harvest.

Its use is essential for growers aiming to reduce residues on fruit and meet the market demand for sustainably produced and high-quality fresh products.

The application rate is typically determined by the target crop, the density of the canopy, and the predicted pressure of the fungal pathogens in the field.

Application is performed via foliar spraying, ensuring that the fruit surface is completely covered, as the efficacy depends on direct contact between the antagonist and the fruit skin.

Timing is crucial; treatments are generally scheduled during the ripening phase to ensure maximum protection just before the critical window for rot development.

As a biological product, it does not require a pre-harvest interval, allowing farmers to maintain protection right up to the moment of picking.

Growers should consult the specific technical labels for the exact concentrations and volumes required for optimal performance under their specific climatic conditions.

Standard personal protective equipment should be used during handling to ensure general occupational safety, although the product is considered non-toxic to humans.

It is recommended to avoid tank-mixing with harsh bactericides or strong chemical fungicides that could negatively impact the viability of the beneficial fungal cells.

Storage conditions are vital; the product must be kept in a cool, dark, and dry environment to maintain the viability of the spores until the moment of application.

Extremely dry conditions or intense solar radiation may affect the initial establishment of the biological agent on the plant surface.

Aureobasidium pullulans is an environmentally friendly alternative that integrates well into organic and conventional systems, provided that environmental compatibility is considered.