Calcium oxide

Calcium oxide, commonly known as quicklime, is a chemical compound that undergoes a violent exothermic hydration reaction upon contact with moisture. This process leads to the formation of calcium hydroxide, causing a sharp rise in the medium pH to strongly alkaline levels.

The mechanism of its fungicidal and bactericidal action is based on the denaturation of pathogen cell wall proteins and the destruction of their cytoplasmic membranes. Under high pH conditions, most fungal spores and bacteria lose their viability, making this substance a potent disinfectant.

The application of this compound also contributes to changing the physical and chemical properties of the soil, which indirectly inhibits the development of phytopathogens that prefer acidic habitats. The active heat release during the reaction is also lethal to soil-borne larvae residing in the upper layer of the substrate.

In crop production, calcium oxide often acts as a component for preparing mixtures that provide contact protective action against a wide range of infections. The alkaline barrier created on the plant surface prevents fungal spore germination.

The preparation requires extremely careful handling, as its high reactivity can lead to chemical burns not only for pathogens but also for the crops themselves if dosages or application times are violated.

Calcium oxide is used to combat soil pathogens causing root rots, as well as for sanitizing surfaces in greenhouses and storage facilities.

It is effective against spore-forming fungi, molds, and pathogenic bacteria that persist in plant debris or within the soil structure.

The substance is utilized to reduce populations of soil pests, including wireworms and various nematodes, by creating unfavorable environmental conditions.

The preparation is applied for treating tree wounds and protecting trunks from pests, combining disinfection functions with protection against sunscald.

• Root rots
• Bacterial diseases of vegetable crops
• Molds in greenhouses
• Soil-dwelling pest larvae

The application rates of calcium oxide depend directly on the purpose of use and the current soil acidity level, which is determined by agrochemical analysis.

For soil disinfection in greenhouses after harvesting, the dosage can range from 100 to 300 grams per square meter depending on the level of substrate infestation.

When used in whitewash mixtures for protecting tree bark, the ratio of calcium oxide to water must be strictly observed to prevent burns to plant tissues.

Treatment timing is usually scheduled during plant dormancy periods, such as late autumn or early spring, before active sap flow begins.

It is important to note that the effect manifests gradually, so soil treatment must be carried out well in advance of planting crops, at least 2–3 weeks beforehand.

The main limitation is its pronounced phytotoxicity upon direct contact with green parts of plants, which precludes spraying during the vegetative phase.

It is strictly prohibited to mix calcium oxide with most modern pesticides, as the alkaline reaction instantly destroys the active ingredients of many fungicides and insecticides.

When working with the substance, the use of personal protective equipment—such as respirators, safety goggles, and gloves—is mandatory to avoid burns to mucous membranes and skin.

Product storage is allowed only in airtight containers in dry areas, avoiding moisture contact which triggers an uncontrolled exothermic reaction.

Frequent use on alkaline soils is not recommended, as it may lead to a deficiency of micronutrients such as manganese, iron, and boron, which are essential for healthy plant growth.