Active chlorine generated from sodium chloride by electrolysis

Active chlorine, produced through the electrolysis of a sodium chloride (table salt) solution, serves as a potent oxidizing agent. During the process, hypochlorite ions and hypochlorous acid are generated at the anode, which are highly effective at disrupting the structural integrity of pathogenic microorganisms.

The mechanism of action relies on the rapid oxidation of sulfhydryl groups found in enzymes and proteins within the microbial cell wall. This leads to the immediate denaturation of structural proteins, membrane permeability breakdown, and the eventual death of the pathogen upon contact.

Unlike many systemic pesticides, active chlorine acts as a contact agent with a very short half-life in the environment. It decomposes quickly without leaving persistent toxic residues, making it an excellent tool for integrated crop management and organic farming protocols.

The biocidal efficacy is highly dependent on the pH level of the solution. Hypochlorous acid is most active in a slightly acidic or neutral environment, which must be carefully monitored to ensure maximum effectiveness against targeted pathogens.

Generating the substance on-site using electrolysis systems eliminates the logistical challenges and safety risks associated with transporting and storing large quantities of concentrated, hazardous chlorine-based chemicals on the farm.

Active chlorine generated by electrolysis is primarily used as a broad-spectrum fungicide and bactericide. Its main objective is the total sanitation of surfaces, water, and agricultural equipment to eliminate fungal spores, bacteria, viruses, and protozoa.

In greenhouse settings, it is indispensable for disinfecting empty structures, trays, tools, and irrigation systems. It is particularly effective against pathogens responsible for root rots, vascular wilts, and various leaf spot diseases that can devastate crop yields.

It is frequently applied for water disinfection in hydroponic systems. This practice prevents the formation of biofilms in drip emitters and reduces the overall infectious pressure on the root zone of the cultivated plants.

• Bacteria: Erwinia, Pseudomonas, Xanthomonas species.
• Fungal pathogens: Fusarium, Pythium, Phytophthora species.
• Various pathogenic viruses found in growing media or on equipment surfaces.

Additionally, active chlorine is utilized in post-harvest sanitation. Treating harvested produce helps to maintain freshness and extend shelf life by reducing the microbial load on the surface of fruits and vegetables during transit and storage.

The dosage of active chlorine depends on the specific application and the existing level of contamination. For continuous treatment of irrigation water, a free chlorine concentration ranging from 5 to 50 mg/L is generally maintained.

For more intensive disinfection tasks, such as cleaning greenhouse surfaces, empty containers, or sanitizing equipment, higher concentrations ranging from 100 to 200 mg/L are typically required depending on the pathogen load.

Application timing is strictly constrained by the need for the substance to degrade fully before contacting living plants to avoid phytotoxicity and potential tissue burns that could result from high residual chlorine levels.

Regular monitoring of chlorine levels is essential, as the active substance is quickly neutralized by light and organic matter. Using colorimetric test strips or specialized photometers is recommended to maintain the desired concentration levels accurately.

Working solutions must be prepared immediately before use. Due to the high chemical activity and susceptibility to degradation, storing solutions for extended periods will result in a significant loss of fungicidal efficiency.

The most significant limitation is the risk of phytotoxicity if concentration levels are exceeded. Direct contact between high concentrations of active chlorine and plant tissues can lead to severe necrosis and growth inhibition; therefore, care must be taken during application.

Active chlorine can be corrosive to metal structures and certain types of plastics. After disinfecting irrigation lines or spraying equipment, systems should be thoroughly flushed with clean water to prevent long-term degradation of the infrastructure.

Efficiency is drastically reduced in the presence of high organic loads in the water, as the chlorine will react with impurities rather than pathogens. Pre-filtration is a mandatory step to ensure consistent and effective disinfection results.

Staff must use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) when handling concentrates, as vapors and liquid solutions can cause irritation to the skin and mucous membranes. Proper ventilation in enclosed treatment areas is required.

Mixing electrolyzed solutions with other pesticides or acids without professional consultation is strictly forbidden. Such combinations may trigger dangerous chemical reactions or produce toxic gases, posing a significant risk to workers and the environment.